Breastfeeding and Obesity in Children

Breast milk

Breast milk is a gift of God's best for our baby. Milk that is rich in benefits is not only nutrients and support growth and development of the baby, but also can prevent from obesity in the future.

Obesity is a condition where there is excess weight caused by excessive accumulation of fat tissue. In contrast to the term over nutrition (overweight), the excess weight is mainly due to increased muscle mass of bone. Obesity today is not only belonging to the adults, but also teenagers, even though the baby. The increased incidence of obesity in children took place in developing countries.

World Health Organization (WHO) since 1998 has stated that obesity is a global health problem. It is hard otherwise because of the impact of obesity is bad for health it can even cause death at any age of the sufferer. Data from the WHO noted that 15% of infants and > 50% of primary school age children are obese.

When obesity occurs in infancy, children and teenagers, then they will carry obesity into adulthood later. The poor are usually not independent of obesity, but with the risk of various diseases on mortality, especially from coronary heart disease, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and high blood cholesterol levels (hypercholesterolemia).

How can obesity be?

Obesity can occur due to multi factorial. In general, obesity can occur due to an imbalance between the energy created by the energy expended by the body. Genetic abnormalities, hormonal disorders, nerve signals in the body as well as environmental influences, a synergistic change their eating habits as well as our body's metabolic rate. Which ultimately leads to obesity status? It turned out that of the many factors that cause of obesity, the environment is responsible for> 90% of obesity in children. Some examples of causes of environmental factors, among others, are fast food, and lack of physical activity. While infant formula is the most important factors causing obesity in children.

Breast Milk

Breast milk is an essential component of child survival and growth. The benefits of breastfeeding not only felt by the infant but also by nursing mothers. Breast milk has been shown to contain many nutrients that are good for growth and development of infants, but also contains a variety of immune devices to prevent infection. Child health experts have proven that babies who were exclusively breastfed (breastfed during only 6 months) had significantly less diarrhea than those who do not breast-fed.

Not only has that Breast milk also been shown to prevent many diseases, like asthma and cancer of the blood and lymph adulthood. One of the benefits that today are pretty much highlighted the role of breastfeeding in preventing obesity. Breast milk researchers have proven that children who breastfed as infants have a lower risk of obesity when compared with those receiving formula. Researchers have examined the impact of weight gain as a baby on the incidence of obesity in adulthood. Weight gain, especially in the first trimester of life associated with the incidence of childhood obesity.

How does breastfeeding prevent obesity?

The role of breastfeeding in preventing obesity in children can occur in several ways, namely the influence on eating behavior and the influence of the unique content of Breast milk against obesity.

Obesity is common in babies fed on formula milk. In the infant formula milk that is given, have tendency of thought that the baby had to empty the milk in the bottle. In contrast with the milk, because it does not seem what it gives, it depends on the ability of breast-feeding a baby. The administration also influenced the pattern of food consumption mother; because of Breast milk depends from mother Foods. From birth the baby has the ability to self-regulate their intake of milk. By identifying the circumstances and body language cues of the baby, then the mother cannot control intake so that excess intake can cause obesity.

Differences in nutrient content and other active substances of Breast milk with formula milk, such as unsaturated fatty acids long chain, maybe role in regulating the formation of fat tissue in infants. High levels of protein in milk formula, which is 70% more than Breast milk, infants exposed to high levels of protein too early. It is thought to play a role in disorders of fatty tissue formation settings. Researchers stated that the high exposure of this protein can stimulate the release of the hormone insulin (a hormone in carbohydrate metabolism and regulating blood sugar) which leads to increased formation of fatty tissue. If this happens in the long run then the baby is at risk of hyperinsulinemia in the blood insulin levels are too high) and the buildup of fatty tissue or obesity. Previously described, that milk contains a variety of active substances, one hormone. Hormone is a substance that can regulate many metabolic functions via signaling to the brain. It is said by experts, that the milk contains the hormone Leptin. Leptin is a hormone that is anorecigenics, plays an important role in regulating energy balance, reduce appetite and increase energy expenditure of our body.

Leptin is produced primarily by fat tissue and less in other tissues such as placenta, gastric, and breast. Breast tissue contains a lot of fat so that it can produce high leptin in Breast milk. In experiments on rats, leptin contained in Breast milk can be absorbed by the stomach and then circulated throughout the body of the infant rat blood through the vessels. Breast milk Leptin is a major source of half the infants in the early period of lactation. Leptin will begin to be produced in sufficient quantities at the end of the suckling period and when I started getting solid food. The presence of leptin can regulate the ability of breast feeding in the short to his body Leptin-producing system that fat tissue can produce sufficient amounts of leptin. However, this has not been fully proven in Leptin is produced by human Breast milk. Recent research has shown that leptin levels in Breast milk correlated with leptin levels in the blood circulation Mother. This is related to body mass index and weight gain in the first 2 years baby.

Although theoretically and clinically proven to prevent obesity. There has been no clear consensus from the experts about the duration of breastfeeding is really effective to prevent obesity. Researchers stated from his research that every month of breastfeeding will reduce the risk of obesity as much as 4%. Researchers also stated that breastfeeding is more than 6 months; just having a protective effect on the incidence of obesity in adulthood. But other experts said that to have any effect on obesity prevention, breastfeeding is necessary for at least 12 months.

References:

Miralles, Olga, Juana Sa'Nchez. Andreu Palou, and Catalina Pico. A Physiological Role of Leptin in Breast milk Body Weight Control in Developing lnfants. Obesity. 2006; 14:1371-1377.

A. Singhal, J. Lanigan Breastfeeding, early growth and later obesity. Obesity reviews. 2007; 8 (1): 51-54

Shields L, O'Callaghan M, Williams GM, Najmam JM, Bor W. Breastfeeding and obesity at 14 years: A cohort study. Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health 2006; 42 (5), 289-296.

Kathryn G. Dewey. Breastfeeding is Protective Against Childhood Obesity?.

Bathing The Baby

Bathing the baby

Previously, prepare all the tools bathrooms: washcloths, soap, shampoo, cotton buds, towels, wash cloths, and a bucket of warm water with a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius.

Lift the baby with the position of the left arm behind the baby's mother so as to prevent the fall of the baby's head back. Put the baby on his back in the water. Mother left hand tucked in the left armpit baby. The right hand free washes the baby's mother.

If the mother has been able, 'turn' the baby by turning inward (toward the mother). Where the right arm grabbed the back of the baby until the mother's right hand is on the right armpit folding baby. Turn the baby, and quickly move the left arm toward the mother's chest to hold the baby once the baby's head so as not to get into the water. But if the mother could not believe, do not do it. Simply bathe the baby in a supine position.

For the first, do not bathe the baby for too long (just 5 minutes), so he is not cold.

One of the purposes of bathing the baby is getting the relaxing effects of warm water. This will bring nostalgic baby while still comfortably in the mother's womb.

Lull your baby

To be able to sleep babies need the security, tranquility and comfort. Prior to lull the baby the mother should have a sense of calm down so easy baby to sleep easy and not fussy. When the lull baby, the mother's attention should be focused on your child so that all needs can be met.

The Importance of Keeping Baby Humidity

Keeping Baby Humidity

When born, a baby faced with new everything. He had to leave the comfort and warmth of a mother's womb for 9 months to protect it. During the nine months, amnion (amniotic fluid) to keep the skin moisture. Now, a whole new world was facing your baby, and it takes time sync.

Susceptible to irritation and infection

Once born, the baby's skin needs to adapt to his new environment is much different than when in the womb. Inevitably, the baby should be directly related to the environment that potentially contains a variety of infectious agents.

The structure and function of baby skin is not as perfect as adult skin. Natural humidity is relatively low so that the skin is prone to become dry and more susceptible to irritation. That is why, the fat covering the newborn baby's skin (vernix caseosa), which is believed to function as a protector should not be removed by force. Raised net only fat in the face, the rest are left alone together when separated shower and change clothes.

Skin fat is an essential ingredient in maintaining skin moisture. Therefore, in order to remain soft and smooth skin health is always maintained in order to execute its primary function as protective, moisture is essential to your child. The Efforts that could be done for example by using a lotion that suits baby's skin condition. In addition it is also important to pay attention to temperature and humidity of the room.

A safe Baby lotion has been clinically proven gentle for babies, among others, characterized by a specific logo. And of course it is better that is also recommended by the pediatrician / doctor your child's skin.

The main purpose of baby skin care is to maintain the primary function as a protective skin and prevent or reduce irritation.

Tips of Keeping Baby Humidity

• Avoid contact with material that is "hard" and lead to sensitization
• Give special attention to areas of skin folds, especially the diaper area
• Maintain hydration / moisture
• Avoid friction
• Note the selection of clothing
• Avoid the percutaneous absorption
• Avoid exposure to direct sunlight
• Use baby lotion after a bath

Ways that children want to go to the dentist

Like a triangle, the child is placed at the top of the triangle, because it is the center of attention both by parents and dentists. Parents play a role in providing information to the dentist and to motivate children to cooperate with his doctor. With this concept there is no longer expected a scared child to the dentist.

Going to the dentist should not have to wait until the child has a toothache. Recommended when the teeth begin to grow should consult a pediatric dentist, and routinely control twice a year.

The problem, parents often complain about their children refused to be invited to the dentist. It would require a gradual approach in the formation of behavior. It is important prior to the dental treatment in children.

Approaches to child

• The technique of "tell, show, and do"

Explain to children about what care about what will be done by a doctor. Conversely, a pediatric dentist uses language that is easily digested by children, so children will also understand what doctors do.

• Modeling Technique

Is a technique used by psychologists in overcoming fear? This technique is used in a variety of dental care situation, but more often used to overcome a fear of dental examinations.

• Desentization

Train patients to relax, strategize, and introducing every action ranging from a few rise to rise to the fear of further action.

• Hand-over-mouth exercise

Generally performed on children who are not cooperative and tend to resist, a resist-resistance per child gently but firmly on the treatment chair, put your hands over the mouth of children so that children do not wriggle, accompanied by a soft whisper in the ears of children, saying that the hand will be released if boy stopped struggling. But there is no element of coercion, if the child becomes uncooperative give praise to the child. Of course, these techniques are adapted to children's teeth. If it be urgent, inevitably need to be tried.

Know about Jaundice in Newborns

Jaundice

Yellow in the newborn is called jaundice, the bilirubin deposits under the skin. This is caused by the attachment of bilirubin or bile pigment, a yellow skin and eyes. If there were only a dozen levels of bilirubin mg / dL is usually okay, but when very high (hyperbilirubinemia), so be wary. 20mg/dL bilirubin levels may exceed the brain's fear can cause permanent damage.

High and low levels of bilirubin depend on the number of red blood cells burst and the liver's ability to process and remove bilirubin. Yellow is not dangerous bilirubin levels occurred at approximately 5-6mg/dL in the third and fourth days. Then decreased and disappeared within a week. 17mg/dL bilirubin levels until the day of the fourth and fifth are also generally well tolerated by infants.

Facts about the yellow

The most common cause of maternal blood is less suited to baby's blood. If the mother has Rh negative (Rh-) while the baby is rhesus positive or have a mother has blood type O while the babies had blood group A, B, or AB, then the baby's blood will be a lot of breaks.

Other causes are often found in people of Asia is the lack of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenate (G-6-PD) enzyme which served to strengthen the walls of red blood set.

In addition, the baby sometimes clash in the head at birth, resulting in a bump on the head that contains blood. The blood is then melts and release bilirubin.

There are also increased levels of bilirubin that is not normal. The most common is when the baby's red blood cells are broken too many.

Fortunately there are several factors that protect infants from high bilirubin. Most of bilirubin will bind to the protein albumin to each other. Form that is bound to albumin is not dangerous and cannot get into the brain. In addition, the liver is also working hard to remove the excess bilirubin.

If there is disruption to both the process bilirubin would be dangerous as well, for example:

• The baby gets some kind of drugs such as sulfa-containing antibiotic, erythromycin, or chloramphenicol. These drugs bind to albumin so that the remaining amount of albumin is less able to bind bilirubin.

• Premature infants often have impaired liver function

• Infants who have an infection, which can also interfere with liver function

Is breast milk increases bilirubin?

Once home, in day-to-6 weeks to 2 breastfed babies sometimes also have increased risk of bilirubin. Breast milk contains the enzyme B-glucoronidase and some types of fatty acids that can interfere with the processing of bilirubin. In these conditions, the milk should be stopped for a while but still squeezed in order not to stop. When the cause is due to breastfeeding, within 48 hours of bilirubin will decline rapidly by about 3mg/dL in 1 day. And then breastfeeding can be resumed.

If the baby is yellow....

The most important note is not to prevent bilirubin rose steadily until it reaches dangerous levels. Usually, doctors use a diagram to predict whether the bilirubin levels will increase steadily until the levels of harmful or not.

"High or low levels of bilirubin depending on how many sets of broken red blood and the liver's ability to process and remove bilirubin"